Substandard Patient Care or Health Care Delivery Paper Essay

Substandard Patient thrill or Health Care Delivery Paper - Essay ExampleFive years later, since his last admission due to Upper respiratory infection, he was again admitted for three eld due to URI accompanied with Rheumatoid Arthritis and in the month of September 2005, he was treated for Gastritis.Anywhere around the world, there seemed to be an outbreak of Respiratory infections which includes viruses such(prenominal) as the influenza virus, SARS, and now the avian flu virus. Respiratory illness is a common chronic health problem and places a significant fiscal burden on the health care system. Respiratory symptoms are significantly higher among poorer children, those in the inner city, and among minority populations. Immigrants from outside North America and europium constitute over twenty percent of Metro Toronto residents, yet relatively little is known about their experience of respiratory illness. (Thompson et. Al. 2004)There have been many an(prenominal) organizations th at focus on the needs of the ill older adults. NHS organisations in England recognises the importance of the NSF for Older People and the emerging practice and policies related to this, such as medium Care, the single assessment process, the 1999 Health Act Flexibilities and has responded by re-focusing its activity to realign more closely with the local and national priorities. (2005)Published in 2001, this NSF focuses on state who are over 50 and still active but who need to be able to maximise and maintain their health as well as people with age related needs who may have more complex social and medical problems. (2005)The Department of Health, Services and Social Safety applies palliative care services which aims to achieve the best quality of life possible for patients and their family through active identification, holistic assessment and divert management of problems, when progressive go disease is not responsive to curative treatment.(29)There are over a half million olde r adult aged 65 or over who are living in care homes (nursing and personal care) and a large number end their lives in these care settings. Unfortunately, care homes can totally provide appropriate terminal care if barriers to the provision of care are addressed. The National Council for Hospice and Specialist Palliative Care Services (NCH&SPCS) holds documents containing practice recommendations and therefore, the provision of appropriate terminal care makes the process of dying more comfortable and meaningful for a person and their family.Nightingales (1860) theory on nursing evolves around the concept that the patients retrieval is highly related to the conditions of his environment. The environment of a patient has a direct effect on his recovery or his deterioration. According to Nightingale, Nature alone cures. With that she stresses on the healing properties of the physical environment of the patient fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness and a suitable diet. The environment not only refers to the physical aspect but also to the psychological and social environment surrounding the patient. Healthy communication with the patient and healthy environment keeps the patients mind active and stimulated. Here Nightingale stresses that communication should be console and a form of

Ergonomics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ergonomics - Research Paper Example(Berkeley University, 2008) This text is an outline for a research proposal bear on with ergonomic principles, ergonomic issues in the workplace and their effective solution through research. Ergonomic principles and problems provide be discussed followed by the research methodology for finding solutions. This will be followed by the solutions and an accompanying conclusion. Background Ergonomics can be broadly classified into three major distinctions 1. Physical Ergonomics related to worlds anatomical, biomechanical, physiological and some anthropometric activities. 2. Cognitive Ergonomics related to mental processing in human beings. 3. Organizational Ergonomics related to optimizing kindly and technical systems along with organizational structure, processes and policies. This research foc aims solely on physical ergonomics in general and on physiological and anatomical issues in particular. The ergonomic problem under focus is carpal bone tun nel syndrome. carpal bone tunnel syndrome has been chosen as it is a common and well investigated problem. The chances of locating reliable sources for carpal tunnel syndrome ar high. A discussion is available below for carpal tunnel syndrome in context of applicable ergonomic principles. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is experienced as pain, nonchalance, burning or tingling sensation in the hand and fingers. Repeated actions of the hand and wrist in certain postures are know to cause CTS in certain workers. (Hutson, 1997) The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway that connects the lower palm to the wrists bottom. This passageway houses miscellaneous tendons that aid finger movement as well as the median marrow. The median nerve is responsible for movement of the hand as well as for sensation in it. The carpal tunnel is enclosed on the inner side of the wrist by tissue better known as cross(prenominal) carpal ligament. If CTS sets in, the passageway is made narrower by the surrounding tissues. This could occur due to increased pressure on tissues or due to fluid buildup inside tissues (also known as oedema). As the tissue size increases, the median nerve is stressed out. Pressure on the median nerve is enhanced whenever flexion (bending of the fingers and wrist) occurs. Pain and numbness are felt as the median nerve is stressed and compressed. (NHS, 2010) Symptoms of CTS The biggest symptom of CTS is sporadic numbness experienced within the thumb, index finger, long finger and in the radial half of the ring finger. (Walker, 2010) In most cases, the numbness is more pronounced at night because most people sleep with their wrists flexed. As the wrist is flexed, the median nerve is compressed more thereby causing the numbness. (Shiel, 2010) The persistence of CTS over a long period is known to cause permanent nerve damage. This results in a constant feeling of numbness as well as loss of picking power of the wrist. (Uemura, Hidaka, & Naka mura, 2010) The pain experienced in CTS is real numbness that is intense enough to cause a person to wake up from sleep. Causes behind CTS Currently the causes behind CTS are classified as idiopathic1. investigating over the years has revealed that CTS arises from a variety of causes that pressurize the median nerve present at the wrist. These conditions can be common such as the use of oral contraceptives, diabetes, obesity, arthritis, trauma and hypothyroidism. (Katz & Simmons, 2002) Other than these causes, intrinsic and extrinsic complications that exert pressure on the carpal tunnel may cause CTS too.

Analysis Of The Activity Of Louis Vuitton Company Essay - 4

Analysis Of The Activity Of Louis Vuitton Company - Essay ExamplePESTEL stands for factors which may allude the operations of the business such as political, stinting, social, technological, environmental as well as legal factors (Lancaster & Reynolds 1999). These argon explained in detail below and Appendix 1 shows a summary of the major points noted. This is a very useful tool for analyzing the environment in which an brass instrument operates. It female genitalia be noted that there are various factors that affect the operations of any given organization and these have to be taken into consideration by an organization that is serious about its viability so as to achieve competitive advantage (Kottler 1999). Any given organization is guided by certain factors that so as to ensure that it does not outrage the needs and interests of the consumers as well as the other stakeholders. PoliticalIn the UK, there are policies that govern the operations of all organizations that are invo lved in the manufacturing of different products so as to meet the evaluate standards. Consumer law in the UK is effective and under the EU law, every big organization like Louis Vuitton is expected to protect the needs and interests of the customers. It can be noted that the current political environment prevailing in the EU is not exploitative which is seen as the origin why exclusive manufactures like Louis Vuitton continue enjoying growth and expansion since inception to the present day. Economic factorsThe organization has not been spared by the impacts of the recent global economic recession though it managed to bounce back in the first half of 2010. By virtue of specializing in producing only exclusive products with premium prices, the operations of the organization are likely to be affected during turbulent times given that premium prices charged are specifically meant for a few people who can shift their buying behavior which negatively impacts on the operations of the org anization as a whole. However, LVMH- Louis Vuitton harnesses on its resilience and responsiveness even during the most unmanageable trying times.

Changing a Partheid, But Not So Fast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Changing a Partheid, But Not So Fast - Essay warningBefore summarizing the setting of the play, it is important to note something about the author of this play, and his purpose or message. The man who wrote this play is Athol Fugard. His parents were English and Afrikaner, and he was raised(a) in southwesterly Africa, during apartheid, having been born there in 1932. While working as a court clerk in Johannesburg, he came to understand the evils of apartheid, and became an activist, writing plays about apartheid (Vienna force field Project 2). He alienated the government, in that way, and they removed his passport and years later they returned it. His award-winning plays spread apartheid awareness internationally, from marginalized theaters in South Africa, to famous theaters in London, and even to New Yorks Broadway (Vienna Theatre Project 2). Fugard brings his criticism of the apartheid policies of the South African government to this play. However, through the character of Mr. M, Fugard also brings criticism of the policies of the African subject Congress, which resisted the apartheid government (p. 2). That is a strong approach, especially for an activist who is well aware of the evils of apartheid, and has himself suffered under it. Good and evil are not as completely polarized in real life as they are in fairy tales. Mr. M represents the voice of a gray area, between the extremes. Isabel is white and filled with personal hope, raised to believe it is hers by right. Thami is black and cannot afford the luxury of hope without supporting street action for massive and immediate change (p. 3). Mr. M sees hope as a hungry beast that could potentially gobble up all of South Africas students (Chastang). He does not want to exercise the initiative to involve change abruptly. He is afraid that the inevitable backlash against activism for abrupt social change will put education further out of reach of his students. Mr. M is also an activist, because he is enga ged in the visionary social action of education, but he is older and more old-fashioned, and so he likes the relative guard of moving more slowly. He does not want to escalate risk, because education is critical to the future of the students. Mr. M is not fearful of insubstantial shadows, but of truly real events and trends. The history of South Africa has not been peaceful. The Dutch killed and controlled the Xhosa. The British seized control of the area and the Afrikaner (Dutch descendants) moved their location to escape the British. Both the British and the Afrikaners defeat the Zulus. Then, war came between the British and the Afrikaners, and the British won. They later united to keep non-whites restricted (Vienna Theatre Project 4). The Afrikaner National Party came to power in 1948 and apartheid was firmly and miserably entrenched. The African National Congress was the Black answer to apartheid. It was backed by Communists (Vienna Theatre Project 4). In 1976, 15,000-20,000 Soweto students marched in protest of apartheid, intending to chirrup a song affirming solidarity and then go home. Unfortunately, the police over-reacted, released police dogs to attack the students and used tear gas. Students responded by throwing stones and bottles. The police started shooting students, without warning, Students reacted by setting good time to government property and the property of White businesses. The government called in massive reinforcements. Army helicopters dropped tear gas on the crowd. Entry and exit to and from

Impact of the Computer and Internet Essay Example for Free

Impact of the Computer and lucre EssayComputers first made there de notwithstanding and adopt been nigh since in the 1940s and the Internet since in the 1970s. Computer were large single room unit that have changed into hand held devices and microchips. The Internet was a intercommunicate where people from all all over the world could post questions and get answers and now the Internet has become a global search engine. In the future, computers and the Internet pass on not only continue to evolve they will be every mean solar day aspect to living in this fraternity. Computers will be the new tools for chat and also play a big part in our every day life.In the future, our days tasks will be checked using a personal robotic butler, the misplaced car keys will be located by entering the word keys into a cellphone and getting a call brook saying bedroom. Our cars will be self driven and would be equal to(p) to park themselves. After work, there may be ads on the shopping shopping center wall reconfigure to suit each person passing by, so when there is a sign for a concert, you buy a ticket by gesture your cellphone over the billboard. This next wave of computers will be so small they hardly attend like computers at all.The screen of billboards will be open to broadcast different ad depending on the time of day or the person walking past. People will be able engender a picture of the ad using their camera phones and make use of it as a coupon for the product being advertised. They may also be able to project imagies of family member which you talk to them on telephone call. In the future, the number one major issue will be privacy. We are currently departure a digital footprints and it will only grow larger in the future. Tracking someone can be iillgal and has raised troubling privacy issues but in recents years people are giving up this information free.Websites like Twiter, Myspace and Facebook give people the ablity to post and check into area all around the world. People are also allowing strangors to know if they are on vaction and even some people are allowing their address and information to be put on these sites. The social inpact of allowing computer to expand will be huge. Police and government surveillance could go beyond wiretapping to body-tapping. Big business could track a persons spending and shopping habits. On the criminal front, the sensors could enable better stalking, kidnapping, and theft now that our every location is broadcast to the world.The only flair were going to be able to have privacy in the future is to have it legislated. People want our data and will do anything to get it. We need to be able to treasure ourselves and the only was to do it in the future is to not allow computer to tap into our lives. The meshing brings as wide an audience together as possible. With the importance of accessibility getting the recognition it deserves lately. Rather than reading and clicking, the peop le will be able to tell a browser where they want to go with communicate commands.People now read newspapers watch television and listen to the radio via the Internet and soon all of our communications phones, TV, and the Web will be delivered over a high-speed broadband connection. People are also creating their own media including blog posts, music and videos and sharing them with huge audiences without needing permission from the gatekeepers. The Internet is changing the way most everyone experiences media. According to Free Press. com It could become the central nervous system of a healthy democracy the greatest engine for free speech, civic fighting and economic growth ever known.It may be our last, best hope to make an end-run around the traditional media gatekeepers. There is a similar flagellum to society because of the open Internet today, and the stakes couldnt be higher. High-speed Internet access is fast becoming a basic public necessity, just like water or electricit y. To protect free-flowing Internet access for everyone, people need to get involved. It has gone from lifeless and robotic to something a lot more palatable in the last few years, and seems to continue to improve.Another issue could be keeping some users away because that the Internet can be a vast and shuddery place. Audio surfing could be perfect for the commuters, children learning to read, step-by-step tutorials as well as the casual multitasking user. In the future, web surfing could be operational on any device. It seems the technology industry is eager to integrate the Internet into every device. People will start by adding touch-screens to fridges and other appliances might manufacture new opportunities and challenges for interfacing. Touch screen technology is only scratching the surface on intuitive pproaches to interfacing.More widespread Internet delivery will spurious reaching a wider audience. The major weakness to the increase of connected devices comes in the sa me flavor as the raging net neutrality issues being discussed today. If the Internet is tied into content devices like televisions, broadcasting companies might start pulling more of their annoying control-freak shenanigans in an attempt to capture a greater audience. This will be temporary the battle of old-media vs. the Internet has only one ending for years, the Internet has been about serving the singular user.With the growing need and importance of online community, multiple-user experiences seem like the next logical step. The social impact of the internet will be negative at the rate the internet is going. As people use the internet more, they will be able to keeping up with people more, spending less time talking with their families, and feeling more lonely and depress due to the lack of human interaction. These results can change interpersonal communication was their most important reason for using the Internet.Online platforms, for instance, have reduced the costs of com munication and minimized the impact of barriers like time and geography. In conclusion, computers and the Internet will not only continue to evolve they will be every day aspect to living in this society. Computers will be the new tools for communication and also play a big part in our everyday life. The internet will bring us wider audiences and accessibility to people all over the world. Both will have negative and positive aspect in society but may bring the world as we know it closer.

Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response in Schools Essay Example for Free

Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response in Schools EssayThe victor care for uses clinical judgment and decision making skills to provide provide nursing care and collaborates with other health care professionals responding to the compulsion or catastrophe. The purpose of this paper is to outline the professional nurses role and how the nurse realises with other responding personnel as well as the federation affected in the event of a tornado that affects a coach. The Role of the suck A tragedy is defined as any natural or human-made incident that causes disruption, destruction, and/or devastation requiring external assistance (Stanhope, 2012). Schools are gener whollyy considered a safe haven for the children attending, besides various types of emergencies can occur within the school walls that impact the school and the surrounding community. Severe weather can be a natural disaster when it enhances tornadoes. Tornadoes have proven to be large scale disasters, ca using problems ranging from loss of power to major structural damage and resulting in physical injuries, including loss of life. Tornadoes outside of a school setting cause severe damage and casualties, but when the tornado hits a school it becomes a disaster setting for all school personnel and the school nurse.The school nurse immediately is looked at when there is any type of medical emergency. When there is an constitutional school that has been affected by destruction like a tornado, the school nurse is most definitely overwhelmed with patients. The nurse must be prepared and work closely with all responding personnel to ensure a timely retort to all affected, inside the school and the parents affected outside the school. The school nurse is an honest in the nursing process and should utilize these steps in order to care for all multiform in a disaster like this.The professional nurse, through her education, should be prepared to utilize the nursing process (assess, plan, i mplement, evaluate). It is critical the school nurse knows his/her role prior to the disaster. His/her role includes triage, coordination of the first aid response team, and direct hands-on care to the victims of the emergency. The school nurse also plays an important role in the mental health support for the students and faculty involved during the emergency and in the recovery phase of the emergency. The nurse must be able to identify with and be able to communicate with all responding healthcare personnel.The responding ordain include, but is not limited to, firefighters, both paid and volunteer, EMS personnel, Emergency Management Personnel, law enforcement, and local healthcare providers, such as physicians and nurses. The school board office will also have responding personnel to the scene as well. The main goal of the professional nurse is to communicate with all responding personnel and ensure that everyone involved in the response clearly knows their role and who they shou ld report to. Nursing Strategies Every community can always improve in their response to emergencies and disasters.Planning before the disaster hits is the key. Preparations for a facilitys response to an emergency involving realistic training exercises, (OBoye, 2006) can greatly reduce anxiety levels and increase the likelihood of more exacting results. Some examples of emergency and disaster proviso includes, but is not limited to, mock exercises, more interagency cooperation in the mock exercises, identifying how we, as a community, will respond, who would be in charge of communications, who would be in charge of logistics, and a list of every ones role in the emergency response (Laureate, 2012).The school nurse is in a leadership position to provide continuous coordination and training of all school personnel as well as the communities involved as part of the schools emergency plan. Implementing the National Incident Command system into the schools emergency plan is vital. Thi s system includes common protocols and language (Stanhope, 2012). This system acknowledges the need for mutual aid response and allows for easy to understand communication and description of roles no matter what agency or community the responders come from.This system should be implemented in every school because when a disaster strikes, especially at a school, people come from all over the country to render aid and this system provides a framework that everyone can understand. Summary The school nurses assistance in community-wide planning groups is helpful in the facilitation of a rapid, coordinated, effective emergency response within the framework of the Incident Command System.This includes establishing standard emergency response plans and participating in skills, drills and exercises to evaluate the response capabilities of a school, as well as the effectiveness of the plan (NASN, 2013). Disasters occurring at schools create a larger scale disaster because not only is there the disaster inside the school, but there is also a disaster created outside the school from all of the parents wanting answers that sometimes takes hours to produce the answers to. Planning is the key and the school nurse is in the position to help in the planning of the response plan in these disasters.

Monroe Doctrine Essay Example for Free

Monroe ism EssayEver since its inception as a nation, the fall in States of the States followed a foreign insurance policy of isolationism right up to death chair Jefferson. This was become the atomic number 63an nations, which were at the helm of the Statesn affairs, were involved in some(prenominal) conflicts and turmoil, and the Statesn presidents cognize the folly of involving much(prenominal) a young nation in state of war. Thus in 1793, when France declared war on Britain, Americans had divided opinions on the course of action.The federalists cherished to support Britain, and Hamilton, the secretary of treasury, rallied their cause. Secretary of state, who like m either other Americans wanted to support France against Britain. However George Washington stuck by his policy of isolationism and avoided conflict. John Adams, and his successor doubting Thomas Jefferson overly adapted this policy. When this conflict between Britain and France increased, Jefferson place d an embargo on trade with both nations.While this action highlighted American neutrality, it was in addition harmful for the American economy, which led to the removal of the embargo. This step highlighted the folly of the policy of isolationism making it obvious that United States had to make a stand, while continuing its policy of neutrality, not plain isolate itself from sphere affairs. Hence was a predecessor to the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine was the fruition of early American foreign policy.It was delivered by president James Monroe, in his seventh annual address to the Congress on the 2nd of December 1823. It stated that United states would not reside any attempt by the European powers to colonize or interfere in the functioning of the western hemisphere, whilst the western hemisphere would in no way interfere in the European sphere of influence. It was meant to foster the youngly independent Latin American states from European control.It was a defining mome nt in the separation of the old and new world, and became a long-standing American policy with minor variations, to be invoked by several American presidents. The Monroe doctrine, was delivered, and not read out in the congress unlike the other addresses. In this address Monroe gave the cathode-ray oscilloscope for such a policy and the existing state of foreign dealing, in which he mentioned negotiations with France, and dialogue with Russia on their commercial interests in the United States.He as well as talked about the Treaty of Ghent and the difference between US and Britain on the boundaries between the US and Canada. The president also announced to Congress a new round of negotiations with the British toward establishing a treaty that would define the exclusive and shared commercial interests of the United States and Great Britain as regarded states and territories bordering on lakes and rivers emptying into the St. Lawrence River.Thus he justified the need for such a poli cy and in his address included military strategies and provisions to safeguard it, like authorizing additional naval pinch for safeguarding their commercial interests in the Mediterranean Sea, Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic shore. The key paragraph of the address, which summed up the foreign policy stated We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we tolerate not interfered and shall not interfere, but with the Governments who have declared their independence and kept up(p) it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any inter- position for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, b y any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.The Monroe doctrine had its backgrounds in the foreign policy of earlier four presidents, as well as in the experiences of Monroe and Adams as diplomats. James Madison, during his presidency, continued to follow Jeffersonian foreign policy of prohibition of trade with both nations. In 1810, as yet, the Congress reversed itself, realizing its ill effects on the countrys economy authorizing the president to pursue trade with both countries, provided each accepted Americas policy of neutrality, or trade with only one, if that one accepted Americas view of neutral rights.Of the two, only France complied, hence Madison declared a state of non-intercourse with Great Britain. This led to the war of 1812 between America and Great Britain. The war, which initially proved to be disastrous for America, ended with the treaty of Ghent in 1814, and thus paved way for Monroes fo reign policy to avoid succeeding(a) war, while protecting American rights. Monroe, who was inspired by Jefferson, and loyal to Jeffersonian policy, saw the need to avoid war, at the same time asserting Americas independence. John Quincy Adams, unlike his father deflected from theFederalist Party, and supported Jefferson in his placement of the embargo on trade with both nations. Thus both Adams and Monroe were inspired by Jeffersonian ideas, and saw the crucial need of making a stand as a newly independent nation, while avoiding the calamity of war. Monroe and Adams were faced with several problems regarding foreign policy, the foremost of which included renegotiating terms with Great Britain, on the treaty of Ghent and establishing new boundaries, reasserting rights that had been previously challenged.Later there arose a problem of Spanish claim over Florida, and Britain, it was suspected, was providing them help. This led to serious and long negotiations between America and Spai n for the purchase of Florida, which ultimately led to the Adams- Onis treaty, Onis being the Spanish minister to America. This was considered one of Adams greatest successes as secretary of state, until he drafted the Monroe Doctrine, which influenced American foreign policy for generations to come. The doctrine grew out of several diplomatic problems.The first was the minor clash with Russia concerning the northwest coast of North America. In this quarrel, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams expressed the principle that the American continents were no longer to be considered as a field for colonization by European powers. That principle was incorporated verbatim in the presidential message. The other and more important part of the doctrine grew out of the fear that the congregation of European governments commonly called the Holy Alliance would seek to reduce the Latin American states that had recently gained independence from Spain to a colonial status once again.When France go across the Pyrenees to help put up down a rebellion against the Spanish monarch, Britain worried that this might lead to a joint French-Spanish expedition to retake the Latin American colonies for Spain, which would harm British economic interests in the area. The British foreign minister George Canning communicated with the American minister in London, Richard Rush, and suggested that a joint declaration opposing such a development would serve both their interests.Thus in 1823, the British foreign secretary, George Canning, through Richard Rush, proposed to Monroe that America should join powers with Britain for the joint protection of South American colonies from the Holy Alliance. There was once again a division of views on this matter. Adams believed that Britain had great self-interest behind such an offer. When Monroe consulted with Jefferson and Madison on this issue, Jefferson asked him to accept the proposal, however Madison, like Adams cautioned Monroe to be wary as it most definitely has British self-interest involved. agree to Harry Ammon, Quincy Adams was convinced that Britain had ulterior motives in this offer. He believed that exploitation this joint action as bait, Britain was hoping to discourage American intention of taking over Cuba, which Adams believed, was inevitable. After much debate in the cabinet, the decision was reached to reject this proposal, for it seemed that America had nothing to gain through this alliance, and President Monroe was anyway reluctant to do anything that might make the US appear subservient to Britain.However America unbosom needed to protect the southern states from being restored to Spain via the holy alliance. Also if such an attack occurred, and Britain interceded and emerged victorious, Americans would be left at the mercy of the British once again, and the southerly territories would fall under British control. It was then decided that the southern countries needed to be protected not only from Spain , the Holy alliance, or Britain, but also from all non-American powers, and this is how the genius idea behind the foreign policy, to be called Monroe Doctrine emerged.This doctrine, though presented as the annual presidential address, was the brainchild of John Quincy Adams, the secretary of state, whose important motive behind this policy, according to Edward Renehan Jr. , was to deter colonialism. Even though the doctrine shaped future American foreign policy, the immediate impact of the Monroe Doctrine was mixed. It was successful to the extent that the continental powers did not attempt to revive the Spanish empire, but this was on account of the strength of the British Navy, not American, which was relatively limited.According to Alejandro Alvarez, the doctrine was simply a policy for the United States self defense, not for its aggression or for its isolationism. The Monroe doctrine also had not stated any comment towards Pan-Americanism or even cooperation with other Europe an nations. The Monroe Doctrine was especially influential in the history of Latin American countries. Around the early 1800s many Latin American areas, under the leadership of Simon Bolivar, had declared their independence from the controlling powers in Europe.These new countries lacked the military strength and experience to fight with foreign powers, however, when the Monroe doctrine was put into effect, they were safeguarded from these wars, and thus welcomed this policy. Over the years, the doctrine became the defining foreign policy of the United States, with continuous changes and variations, however, its two main ideas held true through the years. First, that the United States would not tolerate European powers further colonizing the American continents or interfering in its affairs. And second, that the United States would not interfere in existing European colonies or in Europe itself.According to Edward Renehan Jr. , the Monroe Doctrine had a significant impact, not only in the development of Foreign policy, but also on American history, which would have been significantly different, if not for this doctrine. In essence, Without its existence Latin America would have been severely regionalized by European powers to serve their colonial interests, and a range of European powers, not just Spain but also Holland, Germany, France, and Great Britainwould have gained a major foothold, introducing not only new lines to the map, but also new languages and cultures.The neology of the term Monroe doctrine first came from President James K. Polk in 1845, when he successfully invoked this doctrine to thwart of French and British efforts against annexation of Texas, as also British threats in Oregon and California. He also expanded the doctrine to include his belief of manifest destiny. A concept, which along with the Monroe Doctrine came to be referred as Polk Doctrine. Monroe Doctrine greatly changed the American foreign policy, by shifting the emphasis from n eutrality, to respect towards America, as a newly independent nation.With the ending of the war between European nations, and the restoration of peace, the American foreign policy was liberated from its earlier inhibitions, which had existed ever since Washingtons presidency. Monroe seized the opportunity to let matters of neutral rights of America dissolve in the background, while bringing to the forefront the concept of the United States as the most powerful in the Americas, and a country which was a serious and powerful republic, which no longer needed the aid or patronage of foreign nations to achieve its diplomatic aims.The Monroe Doctrine was significant in defining and surface the way for American foreign policy for centuries. It was initially drafted simply as a means of asserting America as a power as well as for American self defense, and highlighting it as an independent nation. Its true brilliance was realized only decades later when it was recalled time and again by se veral Presidents of the United States. It was the first act that grew to see America as a superpower in the world.This simple assertion of non-interference separated the old world from the new world, thus making the United States the biggest power in the Western Hemisphere. It was the first decisive step in the foreign policy of America subsequently Jeffersons embargo on trade, and it greatly changed as well as shaped foreign policy as the United States for the first time maintain itself as a power without the support or patronage of another nation.