BEHAVIOUR AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Behaviour and Individual Differences Table of Contents Introduction 3 Values Driver Behaviour 4 Case Analysis 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 Introduction ‘Change’ is the only thing constant thing in human life. The changing dynamics of life and lifestyle has considerably influenced the individual behaviour of the human beings. Also, with all round development of the society, special emphasis is put on the various aspects of human life to understand the nature and the reason of such changing behaviour. Among the changing behaviours of the humans, those in the workplace have undergone major shift. It has been rightly observed by Charles D. Kerns that it is the values that holds the supreme importance in directing one’s behaviour. He is of the view that the human values have major impact over the attitudes of the incumbent and the attitude in turn shapes the individual behaviour. And so, the fact that there are considerable differences in the individual behaviour in the workplaces resort to the differences in the values to which one had been accustomed to (Kerns, 2003). Values Driver Behaviour From the above discussion, the essence of one’s values in shaping the individual behaviour can be easily understood. We will write a custom essay sample on BEHAVIOUR AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Antigone †The First Feminist Essay - 549 Words

Antigone – The First Feminist How old is feminism, and who was the first feminist? Although no one can say for sure the exact date on which the feminist movement started, most of it is attributed to the past two centuries. However, women who are feminists have been around much longer. In Sophocles’s Antigone, the main character (Antigone) acts as a protofeminist by defying the authority of a patriarchal society and taking action according to what she believes is right in her heart. She even shows some characteristics of a modern feminist. Feminists today are viewed as raging, man-hating bitches, but feminism in its true sense simply advocates women’s rights. While there are extremes on either side of the scale, most feminists fight†¦show more content†¦Ismene (Antigone’s sister) points out to Antigone, â€Å"Remember we are women, we’re not born to contend with men,† (Sophocles p.646). This strict patriarchy is symbolized by King Creon, who makes a decree that is opposition with the gods and forbids the proper burial of Polynices (Antigone’s brother). Antigone, however, decides she would rather please the gods than man and buries her brother against King Creon’s orders. She is fully aware of the consequences should she get caught, yet she openly disobeys, even against her sister’s warnings. She gives Creon no additional respect either as a male in a patriarchal society or as a king and ultimate authority figure. In fact, she calls him a fool! Antigone boldly states to Creon himself, â€Å"If my present actions strike you as foolish, let’s just say I’ve been accused of folly by a fool,† (Sophocles p.657). The strong will and defiance she exhibits are very characteristic of modern feminism. An essential characteristic of feminists, especially if they are to change the status quo, is the need for widespread popular support. Antigone shows a feminist mentality in her search for popularity among others. She first asks that her crime be made public because she knows that if the public is unaware of it, she cannot gather their sympathies or support. Additionally, she tries to win approval from Creon. Antigone claims, â€Å"These citizens here would all agree, they’d praiseShow MoreRelatedThe Feminist Movement In SophoclesAntigone1340 Words   |  6 Pagesneglected Sophoclean play of Antigone has been relaunched into contemporary critical discussion, this is largely through the emergence of the feminism movement and the critical theory resulting from it in the late 19th and early 20th century. The feminist movement is defined as â€Å"The advocacy of womens rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes.† Feminist centred reception of the text has often la belled Antigone as a feminist icon, the use of the word feminist is ambiguous. This I becauseRead More Sophocles’ Oedipus Cycle – Antigone, as a Feminist Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles’ Oedipus Cycle – Antigone, as a Feminist Throughout history, women have always stood in the shadows of men. In many cultures, the role of women has always been to be seen and not heard. As one of the first feminists in world literature, the character Antigone, of Sophocles’ Oedipus Cycle, displays fine characteristics of a great female leader in order to stand up against male dominance for her religious, political, and personal beliefs. When the king denies her brother, Polynices,Read MoreAncient Greek Feminism In Antigone, By Sophocles790 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Greek Feminism Antigone has been used as a symbol and idol of the feminist movement, and for good reason: both the play and the character Antigone showcase strong feminist themes and characteristics, despite being created more than two thousand years before feminism became mainstream. The play /Antigone/ by Sophocles serves as a commentary on female power and how men see that power as a threat to their own. The character Antigone displays many feminist characteristics, such as inner strengthRead MoreAntigone and Girl Power1064 Words   |  5 Pagesraises consideration to civil freedoms of women across the globe. Feminists generally seek to bring about change by fighting for what they believe in, and are often considered to have personal strength and integrity. In the play Antigone written by the Greek playwright Sophocles, the main character Antigone is a symbol of feminism revolt. She is nowhere near as radical as other the feminist characters of her time, however, Antigone does puts her life on expense, trying to stand up to the patriarchalRead MoreWomen Within The Grecian Culture1316 Words   |  6 Pagespassive sex, confined to housework and almost never educated. It is interesting therefore that the characters that have emerged at the exposure of the phallic philosophical pen still remain as an ally to the feminist movement and are relevant to our way of thinking today, acting as feminist pioneers both in theory and literature, helping the canon evolve years after being written. At a time where scientific understanding and technological advancement was limited women often appeared in the role ofRead MoreEssay Antigone879 Words   |  4 PagesAntigone2 Antigone herself represents the highest ideals of human life -- courage and respect for the gods. In the mythical story Antigone, Antigone first demonstrates feminist logic when she chooses to challenge a powerful male establishment. This establishment is personified by her uncle Creon, who is newly crowned as the King of Thebes, and it is usually challenged by whole city-state. She believed that the law of the gods (to give proper burial rights to every dead body) was moreRead MoreFeminism : A Multi Disciplinary Approach For Sexual Characteristics And Sex Parity Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesHistorically, scholars and feminists have categorized the history of this particular approach into three main waves. The initial wave is that of women’s suffrage movements witnessed in the course of the nineteenth and early twentieth Centuries. The second wave is the actions and notions linked with women’s freedom movement of the 1960s, while the third wave is the continu ation of and response to the apparent disappointments of the second wave, beginning in the 1990s. There are a few feminist scholars who areRead MoreAntigone, By Sophocles, The King And Oedipus1465 Words   |  6 PagesKing, Oedipus of Colonus and Antigone. Oedipus the King and Oedipus of Colonus were written in a very male-focused manner. Throughout these plays, Sophocles’ main characters and main plots are written around Oedipus, Creon, Polynices, Tiresias, Theseus and very few spotlight is given to the female figures such as Jocasta, Antigone, Ismene, and Euridice. After Oedipus the King and Oedipus Colonus, Antigone comes into play in a protagonist role. Sophocles’ play, Antigone, represents a never before seenRead MoreSophocles As A Master Of Character Development1497 Words   |  6 Pageswhich they were performed into three tragedies known as the â€Å"Oedipus the King†. Although he has written 123 plays there are only seven of his tragedies remaining and with only a few titles and fragments remaining. The seven tragedies include Ajax, Antigone, Trachi nian Women, Oedipus the King, Electra, Philoctetes, Oedipus at Colonus, and Trackers. Sophocles was considered to be a master of character development and made several major and minor dramatic innovations to his plays. Sophocles was bornRead MoreAnalysis Of Sophocles Play Antigone 1308 Words   |  6 Pagesto the husband. Sophocles play Antigone shows us the three different types of women: Antigone, the protagonist that is highly determined; Ismene, the fragile sister of Antigone; and Eurydice, the wife of Creon. Each of these characters lifestyles,personalities, and choices directly affects the character s mortality. The women characters in Antigone show great difference of the most important two stages of life, life and death. One of the conflicts in Antigone, is the struggle between the two

Thesis Critique for Business and Management- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theThesis Critique for Business and Management. Answer: Introduction Employee ownership: Evaluating the Factors Contributing to Successful Employee Engagement by Heather Jayne Rowley deals with the factors which contribute to successful employee engagement. The study explores the engagement of employees in the employee owned organizations. In addition to this, it includes the factors which contribute to the successful engagement of the employees. The study considers the role of employees in facilitating the engagement of the employees in employee owned organizations. This study adopts a qualitative approach of research, where three employees owned organizations are used as the basic sample for the collection of data. Moreover, the practices of the employees, obstacles to the engagement and the required solutions are clearly mentioned. The study also includes how the engagement of employees sustains and supports ownership of any organization. Several concepts are applied from engagement of the employees to employee ownerships, in order to explain the situation and existence of the employee engagement in the employee owned companies. Purpose and Objectives of the Study The purpose of the study is clearly identified and discussed in the dissertation. Moreover, semi structured interviews, reflective research and focus groups are used for capturing the experiences ranges as well as perceptions. The data is presented after complete analysis in the narrative format and the identification of key themes is done using the thematic analysis. The study explains that the engagement of the employees helps in enhancing the experience of the ownership of employees. Furthermore, it also presents the idea of the employee engagement being influenced by the employee ownership. Evidences are presented from authentic sources which further claims that the employee ownership is highly influenced by employee engagement. Therefore, it can be said that the factors are clearly identified and discussed in the study (Rowley, 2014). Theoretical Framework The research design is appropriate as it is aimed to explore the employee ownership and the factors which contribute to successful employee engagement. The gathering of data and information is done in a good manner. The interviews and survey helped gain useful insights, thus, the qualitative method proved to be beneficial for the research. However, the sample was not much large, but the information was authentic. In this research, the variety of definitions of employee engagement helped in discussing the factors associated with it. The results of the study are desirable which suggests that employee engagement helps in influencing employee ownership. It also differentiates other existing factors like job satisfaction, organizational and employee behavior as well as attitude. The research throws light on how employee ownership is different from other factors as the employee willingness helps them discuss the improvements in work around them. The data collection methods included; literature review of available sample over the internet, journals, thesis analysis, and survey conducted among employees and others, interviews of three employee owned organizations, questionnaires and observations, case studies of available data and information, governmental documents and archival data and lastly the focus groups. The procedures of collecting the data was identifying the issues, setting a goal, planning a method or an approach, collection of relevant data, analysis of surveys and interviews, interpretation of the data and pre existing or official data. On analyzing the data, descriptive methods are used for the whole study. Appropriate articles are selected to present the data on the basis of measurement level of variable. Analysis of the surveys and interview is done in an unbiased manner, without hiding or concealing any facts. Lastly, all data are summarized by using the descriptive method. Situating the Study within the research The relationship between the employee engagement and employee ownership is proposed and directed to this research study, which is identified. It is understood, from the literatures used, that the employee engagement provides direction for the involvement as well as participation. The data collected from various sources helped in gathering information regarding a balanced as well as effective employee ownership and engagement. The good points in the dissertation are conducting interviews and surveys helped in gaining useful insights, which established the whole report. However, several challenges were faced during the completion of the project. In addition to this, some of the challenges, which the study may encounter, are discussed in this part of the report. Such limitations could have been unused through the representation of perceptions as well as experiences of the respondents in a narrative manner. Gaps in the literature review have been identified as the engagement of the employees is left unexplored in the fields of some employee owned companies. Furthermore, the lack of studies and literature evidence being provided, led to the consideration of the alternative perspectives of how the engagement of the employees may strengthen the employee ownership. The research questions development has been designed in order to explore the engagement of the employees from different angles and the role of employees in ownership. However, there are certain limitations in the research. The findings of the study represents three employee owned companies. The sample size is small due to limited span of time. However, more interviews and surveys could have given variety of answers. Each research type has its own specific implications. Research Approach The research design is relatable to the research hypothesis and questions. The questions were, however, studied and in depth analysis is done with the usage of specific data analysis methods. The questions received satisfactory answers and the procedure was appropriate. The questionnaire is used to analyze the whole research. Qualitative research method also proved to be beneficial for the study. Furthermore, the research design was interesting and the sample was targeted to the employees as well as organizations. The concept of the research is clearly presented. The topic is introduced, along with the definition the key terms. For supporting the research and establishing the points, survey and interview methods are applied, in order to hold the points appropriately and clearly. It proved the influence of employee engagement in employee owned organizations. Moreover, pre existing journals and theses are reviewed and presented well in the report. The research topics nature generates some inductive research style. The literature review presents different kinds of interpretations of the employee engagement. The study focuses on the experiences of the employees and the occurrences. Employee ownership and employee engagement is understood as an individual concept. However, there are weak theoretical evidences for explaining or demonstrating the relationship between both two concepts. Inductive approach of the research is taken in order to generate a new theory, which will enable in getting a clear idea of relationship between the employee ownership and employee engagement. The existing theories are used to provide the research with a starting point. The knowledge base is being developed through this and the inductive procedure totally reflects upon the information and data created in order to find the evidences, to support the theory. Research Methodology The results of the study are desirable and the methodology is clear and fully reported. Moreover, the data collection methods included; literature review of available sample over the internet, journals, thesis analysis, and survey conducted among employees, interviews of the organizations as well as employees, questionnaires and observations, case studies of available data and information, governmental documents and archival data and lastly the focus groups. The procedures of collecting the data was identifying the issues, setting a goal, planning a method or an approach, collection of relevant data, analysis of surveys and interviews, interpretation of the data and pre existing or official data. On analyzing the data, descriptive methods are used for the whole study. Appropriate articles are selected to present the data on the basis of measurement level of variable. Analysis of the surveys and interview is done in an unbiased manner, without hiding or concealing any facts. Lastly, all data are summarized by using the descriptive method. The research design is appropriately aimed to explore the employee engagement and employee owned organizations. The gathering of data and information is done in a good manner. The interviews and survey helped gain useful insights, thus, the qualitative method proved to be beneficial for the research. However, the sample was not much large, but the information was authentic. In the literature review, several gaps have been identified as the engagement of the employees is left unexplored in the fields of some employee owned companies. In addition to this, the lack of studies and literature evidence being provided, led to the consideration of the alternative perspectives of how the engagement of the employees may strengthen the employee ownership. Presentation and analysis of the results Qualitative research method is used for the study and the data tools are mainly reviews of available sample over the internet, journals, thesis analysis, and survey conducted among educators as well as parents, literature reviews, interviews questionnaires and observations, case studies of available data and information, governmental documents and archival data and lastly the focus groups. The procedures of collecting the data was identifying the issues, setting a goal, planning a method or an approach, collection of relevant data, analysis of surveys and interviews, interpretation of the data and pre existing or official data. On analyzing the data, descriptive methods are used for the whole study. Appropriate articles are selected to present the data on the basis of measurement level of variable. Analysis of the surveys and interview is done in an unbiased manner, without hiding or any facts. Lastly, all data are summarized by using the descriptive method. Conclusion To conclude, the research study presented the occurrence of the employee engagement in employee owned companies or organizations. The findings are summarized using the descriptive method. However, further research can be carried out using this sample. The research study has certain limitations as the time was limited. However, the research study helped in exploring the relationship between the employee engagement and employee ownership successfully. It can provide a strong foundation for the future researchers who will work on this topic. References Rowley, H. (2014).Employee Ownership: Evaluating the Factors Contributing to Successful Employee Engagement(Doctoral dissertation, University of York). Bibliography Bloomberg, L. D., Volpe, M. (2012).Completing your qualitative dissertation: A road map from beginning to end. Sage Publications. Herr, K., Anderson, G. L. (2014).The action research dissertation: A guide for students and faculty. Sage publications. Horn, R. (2012).Researching and writing dissertations: A complete guide for business and management students. Kogan Page Publishers. Joyner, R. L., Rouse, W. A., Glatthorn, A. A. (2012).Writing the winning thesis or dissertation: A step-by-step guide. Corwin Press. Liu, Q., Brown, D. (2015). Methodological synthesis of research on the effectiveness of corrective feedback in L2 writing.Journal of Second Language Writing,30, 66-81. Rudestam, K. E., Newton, R. R. (2014).Surviving your dissertation: A comprehensive guide to content and process. Sage Publications. Wester, K. L., Borders, L. D., Boul, S., Horton, E. (2013). Research quality: Critique of quantitative articles in the Journal of Counseling Development.Journal of Counseling Development,91(3), 280-290.

The Mobile Phone as an Electronic Wallet

Introduction The initial attempts to make the mobile phone an electronic wallet can be traced to the efforts by Nokia around 1997 (Leavitt 2010). In that year the Company (Nokia) made attempts to allow people purchase soft drinks from vending machines through the use of Short Messaging Services (SMS). Soon after that initial effort another Finnish company, Merita Bank, offloaded the first mobile banking system based on SMS (Leavitt 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Mobile Phone as an Electronic Wallet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A mobile payment system is one that facilitates transfer of funds securely for purchase of goods through a mobile phone based application (Quigley 2008).However, mobile payment systems did not make the expected impact owing to the fact that the use of wireless devices was still not widespread and the GUI’s for most of these initial devices were poorly designed (Leavi tt 2010). Technological advancement has seen the production of smart phones with many capabilities and significant changes in the capacity and bandwidth on the cellular networks around the world. Further dissatisfaction associated with credit card fees has worked to further increase the propensity towards mobile payment options. Currently through the use of smart phones there are applications to make purchases such as music and videos possible online. It is in light of this that an innovation such as a comprehensive mobile payment system may go a long way in reducing the complexities associated with transfer of cash in Abu Dhabi. Such a system could be useful in activities such as the collection of charitable donations, purchase of air time, utility bill payment and mobile banking. In this project the objective is the creation of a mobile payment system for use in Abu Dhabi. The proposed system could be used to pay for services such as taxi fare, make purchases and pay utility bills . The system could be especially useful for visitors as the region is typically inhabited by an Arab speaking population (Middle East Hub). Factors in Favor of the Innovation Prior to making a decision on the innovation it was essential to establish the viability of the project. In this regard it was noted that the revenue fro telecommunications in UAE rose from $ 2.7 to $3.1 million between 2000 and 2004 (Shirazi Rogers 2008). This data suggests that there has been an increase in the usage of telecommunication in the period and it is likely that the increase is bound to be sustained over time with the emergence of new technology in cellular networks. In addition to that it was observed that the number that the number of mobile phone subscribers rose from below 10 per 100 people to almost 80 per 100 people over the duration between 1995 and 2003 (See fig 1). Based on this it is possible to conclude that the penetration of mobile phones within the Abu Dhabi area is very widespread g iven that it is the largest of the emirates.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another factor that may favor the innovation of a mobile phone passed payment application in Abu Dhabi is based on the fact the region has a high number of immigrant workers. According to Kapeszweski, the Gulf region is among the largest job markets for Asian and Arab job seekers (2006). In light of this the UAE has a population of foreigners that constitutes almost 80% of the overall population (Kapeszweski 2006). Due to this fact there is a very large percentage of the population that may not be very fluent in Arabic, the local language. This portion of the population could greatly benefit from such an innovation which will significantly reduce the hassles involved with payment of services. Due to the above contributing factors it would appear that such an innovation may be successful in the regi on. This is based on the high penetration and large population that may benefit from such an innovation. Potential Benefits The use of a mobile phone to make payments can allow the user several potential advantages. For example, the mobile device can be linked to a credit or debit card thus granting the user access to essential services even in the absence of credit card verification machines (Leavitt 2010). This access to services when needed is very beneficial for users and has been reported to create much additional revenue for merchants whose markets are expanded to include areas prior to inaccessible. In addition to that these payments options allow the users to take maximum advantage of social networking forums (Leavitt 2010). Social networks are already being widely used and these options can provide an avenue to maximize on the opportunities available in the forums. It is hoped that through the creation of a similar system the residents of Abu Dhabi can benefit from the incr eased efficiency it will ensure. Cases Studies in Mobile Payment Systems Among the examples of successful mobile payment schemes in other parts of the world is the system known as BOKU. This company was launched in 2009 and has grown through the acquisition of mobile vendors, namely, Mobilcash and Paymo (Leavitt 2010). The BOKU system relies on its relationships with several mobile carriers around the world to serve both merchants ad publishers in 65 countries around the world (Leavitt 2010). The company mainly performs transactions and offers assistance for purchasing gaming products and other virtual goods. The product does not focus on money transfer. The system basically asks a user to authenticate a transaction whenever they intend to make a purchase. After calculation of the purchase totals the system will then reflect the same on the users wireless phone bill (Leavitt 2010). Another novel approach in the mobile payment systems market is known as Obopay. According to the compa ny vice president, this service is suitable for funds transfer between people, payment for goods or services, purchase of mobile phone air time and making charitable donations (Leavitt 2010). However the service is not offered directly but through partners such as financial institutions, mobile carriers, merchants and other non profit organizations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Mobile Phone as an Electronic Wallet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The system allows users to effect payment by sending an SMS to the company. Thorough the Obopay payment mechanism a consumer can access money for expenditure that is locked in a credit/debit card, bank account or even use the prepaid deposit (Leavitt 2010). After making an entry on details of the purchase the user selects the source from which they want to make the payment (Leavitt 2010). The payment process is secured through use of an authenticated phone and a user PIN to prevent fraud and other risks. The last mobile payment system that was explored in considering this project is known as Zong. This company was established in the year 2000 and has established a network of various mobile carriers which it can rely on to charge the user. The company has managed to build an impressive following and boasts almost 3.5 million registered users serving almost 220 carriers in 50 countries across the globe (Leavitt 2010). The company liaises with major digital goods company’s such as Facebook and is reported to be the mobile payment provider for Facebook credits (Leavitt 2010). They also provide virtual currency that can be used for games and other purposes. Payments are made on merchant websites and require the user to enter their phone numbers and a PIN for the transaction. The funds are then deducted through the user mobile carrier. New Approaches in Mobile Payment Systems In recent times the development of various apps that are used o n smart phones to facilitate making payments. Some established online payment companies such as Papal are in the process of developing apps that can use the smart phone technology such as blue tooth to allow for funds transfer between phones (Leavitt 2010). Another smart innovation worth consideration is the mobile application that allows transfer of a check to a Papal account by taking a picture of the check for submission in place of the check. These applications have been able to take and advantage of the fact that Papal stores both credit and debit card information securely on their servers thus reducing the complexity of creating such an application (Leavitt 2010). However, among the more notable and potentially beneficial current trends is the use of near field communication technology in mobile payment systems. This technology allows the mobile phone to be fitted with a device that allows it to be identified within a specified proximity (Ondrus Pigneur 2007). In fact in some countries such as Japan and Korea mobile phones are already being mass produced with Radio Frequency Identification (Ondrus Pigneur 2007). With this technological attachment in place the mobile phone can act as a contact less card and be used for financial transactions (Quigley 2008).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The NFC device embedded in the mobile phone despite having a shorter range can allow the phone to perform a large variety of functions. Fr example with such technology it is possible to create a smart poster with an embedded RFID tag. Upon waving the device close to the poster the phone can get more information about the poster. Such applications have been found effective in ticketing and purchase of promotion products (Ondrus Pigneur 2007). This technology offers much promise and may be considered as the option of choice for the proposed mobile payment system for Abu Dhabi. Potential Success Factors Mobile payment options have of recent began to gain acceptance across the world due to a variety of factors. First of all the success and interest in the options is due to the compatibility with the lifestyles of a large percentage of the population (Mallat 2007). In a study that observed the mobile phone use patterns across a cross section of user it was noted that among teens, studen ts, young adults, parents and middle aged adults, all groups were conversant with use of the device and had used the device for mobile payment (Mallat 2007). In addition to this some users suggested that such options seriously favored them as they reduced the hassle associated with queues at various POS. In addition to this convenience there is the fact that mobile devices are carried by almost all people almost all the time. This provides the user with the advantage of combining various functions in a single device. Most of the users of these facilities have suggested that the main advantage with the mobile payment options is the simplicity of the SMS options (Mallat 2007). As the users have already become accustomed to the use of the mobile phone the SMS based procedure to carry out the transaction is especially well suited and easy to use (Mallat 2007). The above points are among the factors that provide this proposal with motivation and suggest it will be successful if implement ed. In addition to these it should be kept in mind that mobile phone penetration is quite high in Abu Dhabi and thus it should be successful. References Kapiszewski, A. (2006). Arab Versus Asian Migrant workers in the GCC countries. United Nations Expert Group Meeting on International Migration and Development in the Arab Region, 02, 1-21. Leavitt, N. (2010). Payments Applications Make E-Commerce Mobile. Technology News, 19-22. Mallat, N. (2007). Exploring Consumer Adoption of Mobile Payment Systems: A Qualitative Study. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 1-14. Middle East Hub. (n.d.). Transportation in Abu Dhabi. Web. Ondrus, J., Pigneur, Y. (2007). An Assessment of NFC for Future Mobile Payment Systems. Management of Mobile Technology, 1-7. Quigley, M. (2008). Encyclopedia of Information Ethics and Security. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. Shirazi, F., Rogers, T. (2008). The Contribution of ICT to Freedom and Democracy: An Empirical Analysis of Archival Da ta on the Middle East. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 35(6), 1-24. Appendix Figure 1: Mobile Subscribers in Middle East 1995 – 2003 (Shirazi Rogers 2008) This report on The Mobile Phone as an Electronic Wallet was written and submitted by user Jaxon E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.